Иностранный язык ИФ (11 гр. МИст. ОЗО)

MAKING A SPEECH

Task 1 Read the text and comment upon the problem: How do you understand what the speech is?

What is Speech?

Speech is an inseparable part of civilization. The main thing is the word preserves contact. The purpose of effective speaking is to communicate your thoughts and ideas to your audience in such a way that the audience will be inspired, persuaded, entertained, or better informed about an interesting subject. Stage-by-stage approach is applicable to speaking almost in the same way as to writing, but instead of editing and publishing of your written work, you will practice your speech and then deliver it orally to an audience.

Task 2 Read the text and compare your own strategies of considering audience and purpose before speech making and the strategies defined in the text. What are the similarities and differences?

 

 

 

Knowing Your Audience and Purpose

 

Having audience clearly in mind as you prepare your speech will help you to deliver a speech that addresses the interests and concerns of your audience. The strategies for considering audience and purpose are:

1. If possible, find out the interests of your audience. Decide how these interests are similar to or different from yours.

2. Try to determine what your audience will already know about the subject you plan to talk about. Consider what your audience might expect to hear.

3. Decide whether your purpose is to inform your audience, to persuade them, or to entertain them by expressing your thoughts and feelings or by telling a story.

 

Task 3 Give your commentary upon the topic of choosing and limiting the subject of speech. Say if you follow these strategies and to what extent.

 

Choosing and Limiting a Subject

After you have chosen an interesting subject for your speech, it will be necessary to limit the subject so that you can cover it effectively in a given amount of time. Follow the strategies below. There are the following strategies for choosing and limiting the subject:

1. Choose a subject that interests you and is likely to interest your audience.

2. Choose a subject that you know well or can research thoroughly.

3. Limit the subject by choosing one aspect of a broader topic.

 

Task 4. While reading the text, find the stages of gathering and organizing information. Present them with your own words.

                                    Gathering and Organizing Information

To gather information for an informative speech, begin with your own experience by brainstorming a list of everything you already know about the subject. Then consult several other good resources of information both electronic and published: reference materials, books, periodicals. You might also interview people who are knowledgeable about the subject. Be sure to make notes through your research. Use the strategies for organizing your speech:

1. Arrange your materials by topics and subtopics in the order you plan to present your information. Make a detailed outline of your speech and then draft an introduction and a conclusion.

2. To capture the interest of your audience, begin your speech with an anecdote, an unusual fact, a question, an interesting quotation, or some other attention-getting device. Include a thesis statement that makes clear the main idea and the purpose of your speech.

3. Arrange the supporting points or details in a logical order for the body of your speech. Revise your outline as needed to improve the logical flow of ideas. Think of the transitions you will use to connect your ideas.

4. Write a conclusion for your speech that summarizes your main idea and signals to the audience that you have finished.

5. Use computer technologies in listening: software, multimedia while preparing and delivering your speech.

 

 

Task 5 Give the list of practicing and revising text-based speech.

                                             

                                               Speech Practicing and Revising

Practicing guarantees improvement. Strategies for speech practicing and revising include the following actions:

1. Practice the materials of computer technologies’ applications.

2. Time your speech. Add or cut information if it is necessary.

3. Think over non-verbal speech characteristics.

4. Practice looking at imaginary audience while you say your speech.

5. Practice over a period of several days. Your confidence will grow each time you practice your speech, and as your confidence grows, your nervousness will decrease.

6. Make revisions in your speech as you practice. You can do it by experimenting with word choice and by adding or deleting information to clarify your main points.

 

Task 6 Strategies of speech delivering are very important. Are you already in the

know of them?

                                      Delivering Your Speech

For speech delivering the following strategies can be used:

1. Have already all necessary materials, including the computer, the screen, and the projection camera.

2. Stand with your weight evenly divided between both feet. Avoid swaying back and forth.

3. Look directly at the people in your audience, not over their heads. Try to make eye contact.

4. Speak slowly, clearly, and loudly enough to be heard.

5. Be aware of using correct grammar and well-formed sentences.

6. Use non-verbal forms of communication: gestures, facial expressions to help you emphasize your main points.

 

Task 7 Fill the blanks with the words and expressions (father and son): deliver the speech, emphasize your main ideas, make eye contact, non-verbal gestures, persuade the audience in your point of view, and practice your speech. Reproduce the dialogue.

                                 Before Speech Delivering

− Dad, I have to (1) at the scientific conference and I am very anxious about it.

− Sonny, delivering speech in public is a very important skill. By means of it you can present your ideas, experimental work, and conclusions, illustrate them with facts and examples, express your opinion, and (2).

− Shall I use the computer?

− All the international conferences are conducted on the base of computer technologies. You ought to make the best of it. (3) beforehand. Look directly at the people in your audience, not over their heads. Try to (4). Speak slowly, clearly, and loudly enough to be heard.

− Are (5) important?

− Very important. By means of gestures and facial expressions you can (6).

− I will surely follow your advice.